TheAmazon river

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The longest and most voluminous river of the World

The Amazon River, the world's longest and most voluminous river, is a vital ecosystem that harbors astonishing biodiversity and plays a crucial role in global ecological balance. Its basin, which spans parts of nine South American countries, is a mosaic of tropical rainforests, interconnected rivers, and an unparalleled variety of flora and fauna, including many endemic and endangered species.

Over 1.300
species of birds

427 species
of amphibians

430 species
of mammals

450 species
of reptiles

Gate to Paradise

Biodiversity

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The Amazon rainforest, which surrounds the river, is a sanctuary for a vast array of species. It is estimated to be home to more than 40,000 plant species, 2,000 fish species, around 400 mammal and amphibian species, a similar number of reptiles, and 2.5 million insects. The diversity of aquatic life is particularly notable, with species such as the pink river dolphin, the Amazonian manatee, and the piranha, as well as fish such as the paiche (pirarucu), one of the largest freshwater fish in the world.

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ENVIRONMENT

Importance
Ecological

The Amazon is a regulator of the global climate, absorbing large amounts of carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. Furthermore, its basin generates between 15 and 20% of the planet's freshwater, regulating the hydrological and climatic cycles of the region and the world. The Amazon basin is fundamental to the water balance of South America, and its disappearance would have catastrophic consequences.

Amazon River
Lung of the World

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Challenges and
conservation

The Amazon basin faces threats such as deforestation, illegal mining, pollution, and climate change. Conserving this vital ecosystem requires the collaboration of Amazonian countries, the implementation of sustainable practices, and respect for the rights of Indigenous communities that depend on the river and the forest for their livelihoods. Integrated water resource management, the protection of Indigenous territories, and the strengthening of monitoring networks are crucial to ensuring the long-term health of the Amazon and its biodiversity.

132 SPECIES OF MAMMALS

Where the Amazon is born

The Amazon River is a river in South America that flows through Peru (source), Colombia and Brazil (mouth).

It is the longest and most voluminous river in the world, and contains more water than the Nile , the Yangtze and the Mississippi combined, carrying within it nearly one-fifth of the planet's liquid fresh water.

The Amazon has the largest watershed in the world, around 7.4 million km2, even counting only the region that runs through Brazil.

Studies conducted by Brazilian and Peruvian researchers in 2007 and 2008 indicated that it was the longest river. [note 1] In 2010, it was finally confirmed that it was the longest river in the world, with a length of 6,400 km from its source in the Apacheta Ravine, Arequipa region (Peru).

In Brazil, the upper course of the Amazon up to the confluence with the Negro River is called the Solimões ; however, in Peru and Colombia, as well as the rest of the Spanish-speaking world, the river is called the Amazon, from the confluence of the Marañón and Ucayali rivers in Peru. The Ucayali- Apurímac river system is considered the main source of the Amazon, with its origin, in which its main tributary is the glacial stream Carhuasanta that flows from the Mismi Mountain, on whose slopes the aforementioned ravine is formed and which is located in the department of Arequipa.

The Amazon River is between 1.6 and 10 km wide in its lower reaches, but expands (during the wet season) to 48 km or more. The river enters the Atlantic Ocean in a wide estuary , 240 km wide.

The mouth of the main system is 80 km long. Due to its vast dimensions, it is sometimes called the Sea River.

The first bridge in the Amazon river system (over the Negro River) was inaugurated on October 24, 2011, near the city of Manaus (Brazil).

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